农村养老保险能改善老年家庭贫困脆弱性吗?

Can Rural Pension System Improve the Poverty Vulnerability of Elderly Families?

社会养老保险是应对我国当前人口老龄化背景下老年贫困问题的核心制度安排。文章基于2011年和2015年中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)微观数据,运用PSM-DID模型,实证检验农村养老保险对农村老年家庭贫困脆弱性的影响。研究发现,养老保险可促进金融资产与耐用消费品资产的累积,发挥减贫效应,但其抑制了农村老年家庭土地资产的减贫作用,未能影响到生产性资产的减贫作用;养老保险强化了教育人力资本降低贫困脆弱性的作用,但其通过减轻医疗支出负担、提高老人健康人力资本而改善家庭贫困脆弱性的效果不显著。进一步研究表明,农村养老保险对人口结构最完善的联合家庭减贫效果最有效,空巢老年家庭次之;相较于中低龄老人家庭,养老保险改善高龄老人家庭贫困的效果不佳;家庭人均消费水平越高,农村养老保险的减贫效应越好。

Under the background of aging population in China,social endowment insurance is the core institutional arrangement to deal with the poverty problem of the elderly.Based on the micro data of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS)in 2011 and 2015,this paper uses PSM-DID model to empirically test the impact of rural endowment insurance on poverty vulnerability of rural elderly families.The results show that endowment insurance can promote the accumulation of financial assets and durable consumer goods assets and play a role in poverty reduction,but it inhibits the poverty reduction effect of land assets of rural elderly family,while endowment insurance fails to affect the poverty reduction effect of productive assets.Endowment insurance has strengthened the role of human capital in education to reduce poverty vulnerability,but it has not significantly improved family poverty vulnerability by reducing medical expenditure burden and improving health human capital of the elderly.Further research finds that rural endowment insurance is the most effective for the joint family with the blameless population structure,followed by the main elderly family.Compared with the middle and young aged families,endowment insurance can not improve the poverty of the elderly families.The higher the family per capita household consumption level,the better the poverty reduction effect of rural endowment insurance.