建造“第一座希伯来城市”——“田园城市”理念与特拉维夫的城市规划(1909—1934)

Building the First Hebrew City:The Concept of Garden City and City Planning of Tel Aviv,1909—1934

诞生于19世纪末20世纪初的"田园城市"理念,主张城市与乡村的结合,以克服工业化和城市化对人们生活的不利影响,这一理念高度契合犹太复国主义否定流散生活方式的主张,因而从一开始就在巴勒斯坦犹太社会得到积极响应。从1909年在雅法北部奠基的阿胡扎特·巴伊特田园郊区到1925年苏格兰建筑规划师帕特里克·格迪斯制定的城市规划方案,"田园城市"成为贯穿特拉维夫早期城市规划的核心理念。到1934年,特拉维夫正式获得"市政实体"地位,"田园城市"规划为特拉维夫的城市发展奠定了总体格局。在建造"第一座希伯来城市"过程中,欧洲的现代理念被移植到巴勒斯坦,不仅丰富了"田园城市"的历史实践,而且反映了犹太移民在其新故土实现重新扎根和恢复主权的政治意图。

Inasmuch as he concept of garden city harmonized with the Zionists’abandonment of the diasporic life,it was well received in the Palestinian Jewish society.This concept ran through Tel Aviv’s early city planning.The present paper,reconstructing the history of building the first Hebrew city in the first three decades of the 20 th century,points out that the aspiration for a garden city reflected the Zionists’intentions of retaking the Altneuland and restoring the sovereignty.