地理环境制约下的海岛经济开发与灾害发生史:以舟山群岛为例

The Economic Development of Island and Natural Disasters in the Perspective of Geographical Restrictions:The Case of Zhoushan Archipelago

本文将舟山群岛不同岛屿的地理环境、自然资源基础及经济开发情况,与海洋地区的灾害发生史结合起来进行分析,发现海岛本身的地形、地貌、水文、滩涂等自然环境要素,既决定了人类利用其自然资源进行经济开发的方式,也制约着自然灾害在海岛的成灾情况及其对社会经济造成的破坏和损失。风暴潮、台风、水灾、旱灾为舟山群岛地区的常见灾害,其发生频度和成灾表现具有明显的海洋性特征;但在不同产业类型的岛屿,灾害的破坏性及其导致的经济损失存在较大分异。农业型岛屿对旱灾与潮灾比较敏感,水灾及雨量过多对盐业型岛屿的破坏性最强,渔业型岛屿对台风等风灾的承受力最弱。台风及风暴潮灾害多发生在夏秋季节,而旱灾则全年易于发生,且持续时间较长。加强海塘建设及淡水资源的储备和开发,今后仍然是舟山群岛地区防灾减灾的重点。

The present paper,analyzing the geographical conditions,natural resources,and economic development of different islands of Zhoushan,concludes that the natural environment determined not only how humans developed the island’s economy on the basis of its natural resources but also how far the natural disasters affected the local social economy.It points out that the situation of islands focusing on fishing,farming,and salt differed from each other.