明代滇缅边境土军千户所与州县关系研究

The Relation Between Indigenous Independent Battalions and Sub-prefectures and Counties,Yunnan-Burma Border,Ming Dynasty

土军千户所与州县的关系是边疆地区卫所与州县关系的重要内容之一。滇缅边境地区的土军千户所成立初期,除管理土军外,也统辖夷民、部分编民及相应地理空间,其军丁从隶属于土军千户所的夷民、编民中签发。土军千户所与州县的关系表现为:(1)明初废除州县并将编民及辖区空间纳入土军千户所;(2)宣德、嘉靖初年将土军千户所所辖夷民、编民及其相应地理空间设为州县;(3)为保障土军千户所的运行而以土知州、土司等土酋为土军千户所军官。土军千户所与州县的转化影响了土军千户所的运行。

The relation between Indigenous Independent Battalions and sub-prefectures and counties is an important issue of the relationship between Guards and Battalions and sub-prefectures and counties in frontier of Ming Dynasty.In the primary stage,Indigenous Independent Battalions commanded indigenous soldiers,and governed barbarians,civilians,and territories.Soldiers were conscribed from both barbarians and civilians.The relation between Indigenous Independent Battalions and Subprefectures and Counties includes the following:(1)When sub-prefectures and counties were abolished,their territory,barbarians,and civilians were put under the control of Indigenous Independent Battalions in early Ming Dynasty.(2)Barbarians and civilian ruled by Indigenous Independent Battalions were governed by indigenous sub-prefectures and counties in the Xuande and early Jiajing periods.(3)To ensure the normal operation of Indigenous Independent Battalions,Indigenous chieftain and officials in sub-prefectures and counties were appointed as the officers in Indigenous Independent Battalions.In essence,Indigenous Independent Battalions’working are closely related with the transformations between Indigenous Independent Battalions and sub-prefectures and counties.