黄土高原的山水渠与村际水利关系——以《同治平遥水利图碑》为中心的田野考察

The Mountain-Flood Canals on the Loess Plateau in Northern China and Water Conservancy Relation In-Between Villages: A Field Survey Centered on Tongzhi Pingyao Water Conservancy Map Tablet

水利图碑是一种特殊的水利文献形态,虽然总体数量不多,但空间分布却比较广泛。水利图碑可被视为某一地域社会整体开发历史进程的缩影。尤其在水资源紧缺的地区,它既是水权意识的集中表现,又反映了人们对待水资源的态度,是人们在水紧张条件下协商、谈判、冲突的结果。以水利图碑为线索,进一步挖掘与之相关的人物和事件,可以在既有的水利社会史研究基础上,继续深化和拓展,更有助于深入地认识水在传统中国乡村社会历史变迁过程中所发挥的作用和影响。

Water conservancy map tablet is a special form of water conservancy materials.The spatial distribution of such tablets is quite dispersive though with a small amount overall.To some extent,the water conservancy monument reflects the history of a regional society,especially in areas where water resources are scarce.It is not only the epitomized expression of water right consciousness,but also the reflection of people’s attitude towards water resources.It is also the result of people’s consultation,negotiation,and confliction under water stress.Taking the water conservancy map tablets as clues,this paper further excavates the history of related people and events,with the aim to deepen and expand the existing social history researches of water conservancy.It will help to gain a deeper understanding of the role and influence of water in the historical changes of traditional Chinese rural society.