北宋官僚家族网络的空间结构及其演化:基于CBDB和CHGIS的考察

Northern Song Bureaucratic Families’ Network Based on China Biographical Database and Chinese Historical Geographic Information System

宋代是中国古代科举精英和士大夫家族形成的时期,其产生的家族传统影响深远,具有重要研究意义。不同于前人以个案为基础的分析,本研究尝试了以更为宏观和定量化的方式进行考察。通过查询和整理中国历史人物传记数据库(CBDB)中北宋时期的官僚及其亲属关系数据,结合中国历史地理信息系统(CHGIS)和中华文明时空基础框架(CCTS)等地理数据库,构建了北宋官僚家族网络数据集。基于极大连通子图算法,发现北宋家族网络是由一个庞大但联系较为稀疏的核心子网络和其他大量较小的边缘子网络构成。基于地理信息系统(GIS)空间分析技术,从时空演化的角度发现北宋官僚网络不仅是由少数核心家族所主导,在地域上也高度集聚于中原、吴越等核心区域。通过进一步计算家族或者地理节点与核心节点、本地节点的关系,发现这种高度集聚、中心化的家族网络随着历史的演变也存在解构的趋势,但是在北宋末期趋势有所逆转。

The elite class of the ancient Chinese imperial examination and the scholar-official clans were formed in Song Dynasty.Since then,it has profound influences on China’s society,which causes academic attention.Rather than case studies,we take a more macroscopic and quantitative approach of digital humanities.The network dataset of Northern Song Dynasty bureaucratic families was constructed by querying and collating the data of the bureaucrats and their relatives in Northern Song Dynasty from the China Biographical Database(CBDB)database,which is then combined with the geographic data in Chinese Historical Geographic Information System(CHGIS)and Chinese Civilization in Time and Space(CCTS).Based on the maximal connected subgraph algorithm,the Northern Song family network was found to be composed of a large and relatively sparse core subnetwork and many other small subnetworks.With HGIS spatial analysis technology,it turned out the bureaucratic network of Northern Song Dynasty was not only dominated by a few core families,but also highly concentrated in some core areas such as Zhongyuan(central China)and Jiangnan regions.Further studying the relationship among families or geographical nodes,core nodes and local nodes,it turned out that the highly agglomerated and centralized family network also had a trend of deconstruction in the long term.This trend sustained until the end of Northern Song Dynasty when it got reversed.