经营规模与农业企业技术效率的关系——基于2015年小微企业调查数据的分析

The Relationship between farmers’Operation Scale and Technical Eficiency of agricultural enterprises:Based on the Analysis of the Survey Data of Small and Micro Enterprises in 2015

适度的土地规模对于提升农业生产的技术效率有重要意义。本文利用2015年中国小微企业调查数据(CMES)中的农业企业经营数据分析了农业企业经营规模与其技术效率的关系。分析时运用两步法分别测算农业企业技术效率及其影响因素,测算技术效率时运用随机前沿模型(SFA)并将生产函数设为超越对数函数形式,之后又进行了技术效率影响因素分析。分析结果显示,在所有要素投入中,化肥投入、机械投入以及其他投入的平方项对农业企业农作物产出具有显著影响,而种子投入与农药投入对农业企业农作物产出均无显著影响。农业企业技术效率的测度结果证明了农业企业生产中存在效率损失问题,进一步的技术效率影响因素估计结果表明土地面积即农业企业经营规模与其技术效率呈现倒“U”形关系,这也进一步证明土地适度规模经营的重要意义。由此提出相关政策建议:一是农业企业在进行农作物生产时,应适度投入种子与农药这两种生产要素。二是农业企业所有者可通过适度增加化肥投入、机械投入以及其他投入来增加农作物产出。三是农业企业所有者在进行生产时应注重土地适度规模经营,而不是一味地追求经营规模扩张。

Appropriate scale of land is of great significance to improve the technical efficiency of agricultural production.This paper analyzes the relationship between the operation scale of agricultural enterprises and their techmical efficiency by using the data of agricultural enterprises in 2015 China Micro and Small Enterprises Survey(CMES).A two-step method was used to measure the technical efficiency of agricultural enterprises and its influencing factors.The stochastic frontier model(SFA)was used to measure the technical efficiency and the production function was set as the form of trans-logarithmic function.Then the influencing factors of technical efficiency were analyzed.The analysis results show that the square terms of fertilizer input,machinery input and other inputs have a significant impact on agricultural enterprises’crop output,while seed input and pesticide input have no significant impact on agricultural enterprises’crop output.The measurement results of the technical eficiency show that the efficiency loss problem exists in the agricultural production,further the technical efficiency of factors affecting the estimated results show that the land area of the scale of enterprise management in agriculture and its present inverted“U”relationship between technical efficiency,which further prove the significance of land moderate scale management.Therefore,relevant policy suggestions are put forward:First,agricultural enterprises should properly invest seeds and pesticides in crop production.Second,the owners of agricultural enterprises can moderately increase the input of fertilizer,machinery and other inputs to increase crop output.Thirdly,the owners of agricultural enterprises should pay attention to the appropriate scale of land management,rather than blindly pursuing the expansion of the scale of operation.