要素相对价格变化与农业机械化发展——兼论不同地形条件下机械劳动力替代弹性

Change of Relative Price of Factor and Development of Agricultural Mechanization:On Elasticity of Mechanical Labor Substitution under Different Terrain Conditions

农业机械化是通往农业现代化的必经之路。为探究农业机械化发展的深层客观因素,本文以机械化水平最高的粮食作物小麦为例,从要素替代视角出发,基于1998~2018年全国小麦主产省份面板数据,分析要素相对价格变化对小麦生产机械化发展的影响,进一步测算出小麦生产机械劳动力价格替代弹性,并分析不同地形条件下的机械劳动力价格替代弹性。结果表明,劳动力与机械使用的价格之比上升可以显著促进小麦生产机械化程度;机械与劳动之间存在较强的替代关系,且替代弹性大小受到地形条件的调节。最后,本文给出进一步推动中国农产品机械化进展的一些政策意见。

Agricultural mechanization is the only way to agricultural modernization.In order to explore the deep objective factors of the development of agricultural mechanization,this paper takes wheat,a food crop with the highest level of mechanization,as an example.From the perpective of factor substitution,based on the panel data of major wheat production provinces in China from 1998 to 2018,this paper analyzes the influence of relative price changes of factors on the development of wheat production mechanization.The elasticity of machine labor price substitution in wheat production was further calculated and the elasticity of machine labor price substitution under different terrain conditions was analyzed.The results showed that the increase of the price ratio of labor to machinery significantly promoted the mechanization degree of wheat production.There is a strong substitution relationship between machinery and labor,and the elasticity of substution is adjusted by terrain conditions.Finally,this paper puts forward some policy suggestions to further promote the development of agricultural mec hanization in China.