劳动力价格扭曲程度及其影响因素分析——以小麦生产为例

Analysis of Labor Price Distortion Degree and Its Influencing Factors——Taking Wheat Production for Example

劳动力流动受阻造成劳动力价格扭曲,进而导致农业生产要素的配置低效。本文以2004~2017年中国15个小麦主产省份的数据为例,基于超越对数生产函数,采用固定效应模型估算出各省份每年的劳动力价格扭曲程度。研究发现我国小麦生产中劳动价格存在扭曲且呈现正向扭曲,平均扭曲程度为0.228。不同地区劳动力价格扭曲程度不同,其中黑龙江地区劳动力价格扭曲最小,为0.936,云南地区扭曲最大,为0.061。进一步探究劳动力价格扭曲的影响因素,结果表明农村剩余劳动力水平、城镇居民工资对劳动力价格扭曲有显著的负向影响,而农村居民人均收入、政府农业政策补贴、第一产业占比以及小麦播种面积对劳动力价格扭曲表现出显著的正向影响。基于研究结论给出相应的政策建议。

Obstructed labor flow leads to price distortion of labor,and price distortion leads to inefficient allocation of agricultural production factors.Taking the data of 15 major wheat producing provinces in China from 2004 to 2017 as an example,based on the translog production function,the fixed effect model was used to estimate the degree of annual labor price distortion in each province.It was found that the labor price in wheat production in China was distorted and showed positive distortion,with an average distortion degree of 0.228.In addition,the distortion degree of labor force varies in different regions,with the minimum distortion of labor price in Heilongjiang province being 0.936,and the maximum distortion in Yunnan province being 0.061.The factors influencing the price distortion of labor force were explored.The results showed that the level of surplus rural labor force and the wages of urban residents had a significant negative effect on the price distortion of labor force,while the per capita income of rural residents,the government’s agricultural policy subsidies,the proportion of primary industry and the sown area of wheat had a significant positive effect on the price distortion of labor force.Finally,based on the research conclusions,the corresponding policy recommendations are given.