古巴应对美国污名的历史分析

Cuba’s Responses to the Stigmatization by the U.S.

古巴自革命以来,一直在应对美国的污名压力,社会主义的国家身份和国际主义的对外策略界定了古巴应对美国污名的出发点和主要特征。冷战中,美国的污名化加强了古巴对社会主义身份的认同,基于国际主义策略,古巴拉拢左翼势力、树立在第三世界的榜样形象以及输出革命,对美国反向污名。冷战后,古巴保持着社会主义的国家身份,同时认可多边主义背景中的主流价值规范,在此基础上延续国际主义策略。国际社会逐渐接纳古巴,导致美国的单边污名失败,而古巴也实现了国家身份的延续和重生。

Since its Revolution in 1950 s,Cuba has been dealing with stigmatization from the United States.It maintained its socialist identity and the foreign strategy of internationalism as its major responses.During the Cold War,the stigmatization by the U.S.strengthened Cuba’s socialist identity.Employing internationalist tactics,Cuba allied with left-wing forces in western countries,made it a role model for countries in the Third World,and exported revolution to the Third World.As a result,the U.S.was stigmatized instead.After the Cold War,Cuba kept its socialist identity while recognizing the changing mainstream value in the world.It continued but transformed its internationalist strategy in the world of multilateralism and was gradually accepted by the international community,which signaled the failure of the U.S.unilateral stigmatization.Cuba thus achieved its rebirth as a nation.