20世纪60年代英国对中国求购中远程飞机的反应与对策

"Barometer of the Cold War" :Britain’s Reaction and Policy towards China’s Purchase of Mid-range and Long-range Aircraft in the 1960s

东西方贸易关系是东西方冷战形势的晴雨表。20世纪50年代末60年代初中苏关系的破裂,间接促进了中国与西方贸易关系的缓和。由于苏联停止了对中国的援助和支持,中国转而大力开展与西方发达国家的贸易。1964年1月,英国完成子爵号飞机的交付后,中国即着手引进更高性能的中远程飞机,用于中国与周边国家的国际航线。与英商积极的态度不同,英国政府的反应比较谨慎,在明确表示无法出售远程飞机的同时,原则上支持向中国出售中短程飞机。然而,东南亚冷战形势和国际关系发生的新变化,使英国政府对华贸易管制政策收紧,决定暂不批准出售。冷战时期的中国对外贸易环境异常复杂,受到美国、巴统、中国周边形势等多种因素的影响和制约。中英贸易关系便是在这样的背景下,艰难发展起来的。

The East-West trade relation was a barometer of the Cold War.The rupture of Sino-Soviet relations in the late 1950 s and early 1960 s indirectly promoted trade between China and the West.As the Soviet Union stopped its aid to China,China developed trade with the western developed countries.After Britain delivered the Viscount aircraft to China in January 1964,China began to purchase higher-performance mid-range and long-range aircrafts for international traveling between China and its neighboring countries.Different from the positive attitude of British businessmen,the British government responded more cautiously.While clearly stating that it would not sell long-range aircrafts,the British government supported the sale of short-range and mid-range aircrafts to China.However,the Cold War situation in Southeast Asia and the new changes in international relations made the British government tighten its trade relation with China and disapprove the sale for the time being.During the Cold War,China faced extremely complicated foreign trade environment.It was constantly affected and restricted by many factors,such as the United States,Coordinating Committee,and the peripheral situation of China.The Sino-British trade relation thus developed against this difficult background.