试论中蒙外交关系的建立与初步发展(1949—1952)

The Establishment and Early Development of China-Mongolia Diplomatic Relations(1949—1952)

中华人民共和国成立后,蒙古是首批承认新中国的国家之一,两国很快建立了正式的外交关系。虽然同处社会主义阵营,但建交之后的中蒙关系并没有进一步的提升,整体处于冷淡疏离的状态。1950年2月《中苏友好同盟互助条约》的签署,为打破中蒙彼此疏离的关系提供了第一个契机,之后中蒙双方实现了互派大使。1952年1月蒙古领导人乔巴山去世,中国政府派出代表团赴蒙吊唁,借助于“葬礼外交”,推动了中蒙关系的前进。同年10月,蒙古新任领导人泽登巴尔率团访华,中蒙两国最高领导人实现了首次会晤,双方自此打破了彼此之间存在的疑虑,加深了双方的政治互信,此后中蒙关系明显改善,得到了初步发展。中蒙外交关系建立与初步发展的历史过程清晰地昭示出,旧有的彼此认知等因素对两国关系的影响是复杂的,政治互信才是推动中蒙两国关系发展的重要基石。

Mongolia was one of the first countries to establish diplomatic ties with the People’s Republic of China.However,China and Mongolia did not further develop their relations although they were both in the Eastern bloc.The first breakthrough was provided by the signing of Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship,Alliance and Mutual Assistance in February 1950,after which the two sides exchanged ambassadors.In1952,the former Mongolian leader Choibalsan passed away and a Chinese delegation was sent to Mongolia to express condolences.With this chance,the bilateral relations were pushed forward.But the two sides put off existing doubts and deepened their political trust only after the first visit of the new Mongolian leader Tsedenbal with a delegation to China in October of the same year.The establishment and early development of China-Mongolia diplomatic relations clearly shows that the influence of previous mutual perceptions and other factors on bilateral relations were complex,while the political mutual trust was the most important engine.