抗战时期日伪政权的救灾与防疫——以1939年天津洪灾为中心的考察

The Predicament of Puppet Regime Relief during the Anti-Japanese War:A Case Study of Tianjin Flood in 1939

1939年8月,百年不遇的洪灾侵袭天津,市民生活大受波及。伴随洪灾而至的是大批流离失所、亟待救济的难民,成为威胁日伪政权统治的不稳定因素。为了维护对天津的统治,日伪政权开展了救灾与防疫,此项事务由日军驻津当局主导。因受到日军封锁英法租界、日伪政策无法落实、救济力量不足、物价高涨等因素影响,日伪政权的救济效果大打折扣。日伪政权的救灾与防疫,本质上是为笼络民心,强化对沦陷区的社会控制。从天津日伪政权的救济乏力可观察日军卵翼下的傀儡政权所面临的统治困境。

In August 1939,the 100-year unprecedented flood broke out in Tianjin.With the large number of displaced refugees in urgent need of relief,the puppet regime faced great challenges.In order to maintain the rule of Tianjin,the puppet regime carried out disaster relief led by the Japanese authorities in Tianjin.However,due to the blockade of British and French concessions by the Japanese army,high prices,insufficient relief force,policies without implementation,social security issues and other factors,the relief effect of the puppet regime was greatly reduced.The essence of the relief was to win the hearts of the people and strengthen the social control in the Japanese occupied areas.From the ineffectiveness of the puppet regime relief in Tianjin,this article reveals the ruling dilemma faced by the puppet regime.