美缅关于技术与大米交换问题的谈判(1955—1956)

Negotiations between the United States and Burma on the Technicians for Rice Plan(1955—1956)

朝鲜战争结束后缅甸大米出口滞销,国民经济发展受阻,为此缅甸向美国提出"美缅技术与大米交换"计划,以推动缅甸经济发展。此时美国国内亦存在滞销大米,故美方反应冷淡。随着东南亚国际格局两极化趋势加剧,缅甸成为美苏竞相拉拢的对象。为了防止缅甸倒向社会主义阵营,美国以牺牲经济利益为代价,在1956年与缅甸签署《美缅技术与大米交换协定》。从中反映出,小国可以利用国际格局对各国约束力的差异,通过提高外交能力、改善与大国之间的战略关系等策略,实现国家利益最大化。大国则需要通过推行合理的外交战略,改变大国战略关系,从而构建出符合本国利益的国际格局,以达到维护国家利益的目标。

Tne rice exporys of tsurma encounterea poor sales after tne Korean war.Its economic development was hindered.Therefore,the government of Burma proposed the plan of"technicians for rice between the United States and Burma".However,rice was also unsalable in the U.S.at this moment.The U.S.government thus reacted coldly.With the increasing polarization of the international relations in Southeast Asia,Burma became the target of the United States and the Soviet Union.At the expense of economic interests,the United States agreed to sign the agreement on rice for technicians with Burma to prevent Burma from falling into the socialism bloc in 1956.It reflected that small states could make use of the opportunities in the international relations to maximize their national interests by improving their diplomatic capacity.Meanwhile,by changing strategic relations with other powers,building an international framework in line with their own interests,the great powers would achieve the goal of safeguarding their national interests.