论刘邦的“内防外制”之策略及得失

On Liu Bang’s Strategy of "Internal Defense and External Control" and Its Successes and Failures

刘邦在吕后的协助之下,内防外制,左右开弓,对内扶植外戚,防备萧、曹为首的军功集团,敲打萧何,外放曹参,崇文抑武,重建朝仪,并借封侯排序而刻意敲打天下甫定,威望臻于鼎盛的武人集团。对外则构筑关中防御体系,调整封地,预作防范,制造事端,通过亲征来全力铲除异姓诸侯王。经过运作,"内防外制"策略之集权目的业已达到,但亦陷入专制政治猜忌与杀戮过重的泥潭之中,民力也因此更加凋敝。遂有惠帝、吕后朝的无为而治。

With the assistance of Empress L(u|"),Liu Bang defended himself internally and controlled the fiefs externally.He supported Empress L(u|")’s relatives internally,defended himself against the military group led by Xiao and Cao.He attacked Xiao He,dispelled Cao Can out of the capital,rebuilt the dynastic rituals by advocating literature and suppressing martial arts,and deliberately attacked the military group whose prestige was at its peak when the world had just been settled through the ranking of feudal lords.Externally,he constructed the defense system of Guanzhong,adjusted the fiefs,took precautions,provoked conflicts,and made all efforts to eliminate the vassal kings of different surnames through personal conquests.With his efforts,he achieved the goal of centralization of power under the strategy of"internal defense and external control",but he also fell into the predicament of exaggerated political suspicion and excessive killings.The state power was gradually weakened.As a result,there started a reign of inaction under Emperor Hui and Empress L(u|").