1892年德国汉堡瘟疫大流行探析

The 1892 Cholera Epidemic in Hamburg of Germany

市政当局隐瞒疫情是1892年汉堡瘟疫大流行的主要原因,外来霍乱侵袭、城市污染、居住环境恶劣等则是导致瘟疫爆发的重要因素。迫于舆论压力,汉堡市政当局采取了一系列挽救措施,不仅有效地消除了瘟疫,而且促进了海港卫生检疫事业的改革和城市公共卫生的发展。在这一过程中,公共舆论发挥了关键性作用,其对政府责任的讨论,在很大程度上涉及到汉堡社会结构和政治制度问题。而新的"普鲁士化"医疗卫生系统和卫生防疫制度的建立更体现了德意志帝国的体制变革。

The 1892 cholera epidemic in Hamburg was caused mainly by the municipal government’s concealment of the disease.The intrusion of the foreign disease,urban pollution,and bad living conditions all contributed to the outbreak of the epidemic.Pressed by public opinions,the municipal government adopted a series of remedial measures which not only effectively eliminated the epidemic,but also reformed the sanitary and quarantine inspection of the port and developed the urban public hygiene.Public opinions played a key role in the process.By and large,the discussions on the government’s obligations touched upon the social structure and political institutions of Hamburg.The new"Prussianization"of the medical system and epidemic prevention system reflected the institutional transformation of the German empire.