霍勒斯·卡伦对美国犹太族群认同的影响

Horace Kallen’s Influence on the American Jewish Ethic Identity

在20世纪初美国思想界,出现了同化主义与种族主义思潮。霍勒斯·卡伦强调并发展犹太族群认同,抵制美国化以保存犹太民族性。首先,卡伦借用"交响乐理论"喻指多元文化主义,指出族群多样性有助于提升美国文明的维度;其次,卡伦主张培育青年人的巴勒斯坦土地的热爱,指出犹太复国主义运动应回归于民主自由;最后,卡伦认为犹太人应积极融入主流社会,寻求族群间的合作,在现代性与民族认同之间作出折衷。实质上,卡伦通过对犹太人精神的塑造,希冀对美国犹太族群认同产生影响。

In the beginning of the 20th century,assimilationism and racism emerged in the U.S.intellectual circle.Horace Kallen emphasized and developed Jewish ethnic identity to resist Americanization and maintain Jewish ethnicity.Firstly,Kallen used "Orchestration Metaphor" to refer to multiculturalism,and pointed out that ethnic diversity helped increase the American civilization.Secondly,Kallen cultivated the love of Palestinian land in youth,and pointed out that the Zionism should return to democracy and freedom.Finally,Kallen required the Jews to actively integrate into the mainstream society,seek inter-ethnic cooperation,and make compromises between modernity and ethnic identity.In fact,by shaping Jews’ spirit,Kallen tried to influence the American Jewish ethnic identity.