马克思主义史学体制化与“旧史家”治史思想之转变——以《历史教学》创刊者为中心

The Institutionalization of Marxist Historiography and the Intellectual Transformation of “Old Style Historians”

1949年新中国成立,国家秩序的变动,催使政治经济、社会文化、思想学术等各个领域发生全面性的变革。马克思主义史学取代实证主义史学居于主流地位。在新旧时代转换之际,京津地区李光璧、杨生茂、张政烺等七位同仁主动创办《历史教学》,为建国初期史学工作者搭建唯物史观指导的教学交流平台。他们这些从民国步入新中国的"旧史家"群体,在马克思主义学术体制化的背景下,无论其教学实践还是史学研究逐渐从服膺史料考证转向在史料基础上运用唯物史观治史的新路径。而此治史风格的转向,不仅由于外在政治压力所致,更是知识分子群体的自觉选择。此外,现代史学脉络的演进趋势或也是他们治史转变的重要因素之一。

The 1949 revolution urged the comprehensive changes in politics,economy,society,culture,ideology,learning and so on.Marxist historiography took the place of positivist historiography.During the transition between the old and new era,seven old style scholars in Beijing and Tianjin,including Li Guangbi,Yang Shengmao and Zhang Zhenglang,actively established the journal of History Teaching which built a teaching exchange platform with the guidance of historical materialism in the early days of PRC.Under such circumstances,their teaching practices and academic researches gradually changed from focusing on historical materials to emphasizing the materialist approach.Such transformation was not only caused by the external political pressure,but also the internal choice of the old style historians.In addition,the rise of modern historiography may also be one of the important factors for their intellectual transformation.