从气血津液理论探讨视网膜静脉阻塞的病机和治疗

Discussion on Pathogenesis and Treatment of Retinal Vein Occlusion from Theory of Qi, Blood and Body Fluid

视网膜静脉阻塞是第二大致盲性视网膜血管疾病,眼底表现为视网膜静脉高度扩张伴视网膜出血、黄斑水肿或缺血,可导致无痛性视力丧失,其基本病理改变是静脉瘀滞、血管壁退行性病变和血液高凝状态,可造成静脉血栓形成或功能性静脉障碍。中医医家多认为视网膜静脉阻塞的基本病机是脉络瘀阻、血溢脉外,“血瘀”是其最突出的病机。气血津液是人体组织器官进行生理活动物质基础,气血津液功能失常从根本上影响神光发越,文章以气血津液理论为切入点通过总结近年来中医药诊疗视网膜静脉阻塞的特点来探讨视网膜静脉阻塞在疾病发生发展过程中病机演变以及治疗原则变化。

Retinal vein occlusion is a very common retinal vascular disease in patients with lifestyle-related diseases(including hypertension and arteriosclerosis).The fundus is manifested as highly dilated retinal veins with retinal hemorrhage,macular edema or ischemia,which can lead to painless vision loss.The basic pathological changes are venous stasis,vascular wall degeneration and blood hypercoagulable state,which can cause venous thrombosis or functional venous disorders.Traditional Chinese medicine doctors mostly believe that the basic pathogenesis of retinal vein occlusion is collateral stasis and bleeding outside the vein,and“blood stasis”is the most prominent pathogenesis.Qi,blood and body fluid is the material basis for the physiological activities of human tissues and organs.The dysfunction of Qi,blood and body fluid fundamentally affects the development of energy.This article uses the theory of Qi,blood and body fluid as the starting point to discuss the characteristics of the diagnosis and treatment of retinal vein occlusion in traditional Chinese medicine in recent years.The pathogenesis and treatment principles of retinal vein occlusion change during the development of the disease.