“石華”一辨——兼論謝靈運《遊赤石進帆海》詩之主旨

Exploring Shihua(Rock Flowers)and the Theme of Xie Lingyun's“You Chishi jin fan hai”(On a Trip to Red Rocks I Sailed out on the Sea)

本文擬從對謝靈運《遊赤石進帆海》詩中的“石華”這一名物的考辨入手,重新認識謝靈運帆海之遊的目的;同時,通過對詩中典故(如“陰霞”、“窮髮”、“虚舟”等)的考證,判斷謝靈運在創作該詩的時候所聯想到的意象和文本,并試圖分析這些典故在詩中重組後的意義,并藉以歸納全詩的旨趣。總的來説,謝靈運前往帆海的動機包括了三個方面:尋仙藥(石華、海月)、訪天池之仙人、探索未知的遠海。而詩的主旨則落在“至人無己”、“適己”和“終然謝先伐”之上。全詩統一於“養生”的主題。

With an exploration of the term shihua(rock flowers)in Xie Lingyun's poem“You Chishi jin fan hai”(On a Trip to Red Rocks I Sailed out on the Sea)as the point of departure,this paper re-interprets the poet's motivations for seafaring.By investigating the allusions such as yinxia(lunar fire),qiongfa(barren land),and xuzhou(vacant boat),this paper speculates on the images and texts the poet thought of when writing this poem,tries to analyze the significance of re-organizing these allusions,and in so doing summarizes the poem's theme.Xie's three motivations for seafaring include:(1)to seek immortal herbs(shihua,haiyue);(2)to search for immortals from the heavenly pool;(3)to explore uncharted maritime territories.The subthemes of altruism,acting truthfully to oneself,and biding one's time are consolidated in the poem's overall theme—nourishing life.