杜甫“獨耻事干謁”發微

A Close Reading of Du Fu's du chi shi ganye

《自京赴奉先縣詠懷五百字》是杜甫耻事干謁的一紙宣言,早已成爲學界的不易之論。然而,結合詩歌文本、唐人干謁風尚、杜甫一生行跡及其干謁觀念,可知“獨耻事干謁”内涵複雜,並不能據此説明杜甫以干謁爲耻。事實上,杜甫不僅在安史之亂後仍有干謁活動,對待干謁的態度也有理性客觀、因時而變的一面。杜甫晚年絶意干謁,是多重因素影響下的結果。如果直接替杜甫貼上“耻事干謁”的標籤,既會妨礙我們理解詩人晚年生存狀態與思想觀念,也不利於還原真實的杜甫形象。

Du Fu's“Going from the Capital to Fengxian County,Singing My Feelings(five hundred words)”has been irrevocably accepted as his denouncement of ganye(begging for favor from high-level officials).However,a close reading of the poem alongside with Tang-dynasty custom of ganye and Du Fu's attitude toward ganye shows his complex understanding of du chi shi ganye,which cannot be held as evidence of Du Fu feeling ashamed to beg for favor from high-level officials.In fact,not only did Du Fu continue to do so after the An Lushan Rebellion,but his attitude toward ganye also showed a rational and adaptable facet.Many factors contributed to Du Fu's abandoning ganye in old age.Labeling Du Fu as a poet feeling ashamed of ganye hinders an accurate understanding of his late life and thoughts and a restoration of his actual historical image.