“龍城飛將”與古詩中地名

“Flying General of the Dragon City” and Place Names in Classical Chinese Poetry

唐代詩人王昌齡名作《出塞》中"龍城飛將"之語,應理解爲横行萬里、轉戰絶域的大將,不應理解爲專指漢代的"飛將軍"李廣。"飛將""龍城"都是泛指。將原本專指邊塞某地的名稱虚泛化,作爲一種詞藻使用,是南朝以來詩文創作裏的常見現象。不僅涉及邊塞的作品,一般詩作中也可以見到類似情況,詩人們以泛用地名的手段,表達感受,營造氣氛,而不顧地名的實際所指。

The words of"flying General of dragon city"(龍城飛将)in the famous work Going out of the frontier(《出塞》)by Wang Changling of the Tang Dynasty should be understood as a general who traveled thousands of miles and turned to fight in a remote area,not to refer to Li Guang,the"flying general"(飛將軍)of the Han Dynasty.Both of"Flying general"(飛將軍)and"dragon city"(龍城)are general terms.It has been a common phenomenon in poetry since the Southern Dynasties that the name originally specifically refers to a certain place in the frontier fortress is used as a kind of word.It is not only related to frontier fortress works,but also can be seen in general poetry.Poets express their feelings and create an atmosphere with generalized place names,regardless of the actual meaning of place names.