义务教育优质均衡发展的政策注意力分配偏差及其优化——基于“空间·过程·要素”三维框架的文本编码分析

The Deviation and Optimization of Policy Attention Allocation for the Quality and Balanced Development of Compulsory Education

政策注意力作为一种稀缺性偏好,蕴含着政府决策者的价值判断与价值选择。对义务教育优质均衡发展的政策注意力分配进行文本分析发现:在空间维度,国家政策话语相对关注城乡均衡;在过程维度,政策注意力配置存在重过程、轻结果的倾向;在要素维度,政策条件、财政支持、学校改进和师资建设是政策注意力的集中关注点,监督机制的重要性呈上升趋势,而课程教学、技术支持长期是注意力分配的"短板"。总体而言,义务教育优质均衡发展的政策注意力分配存在"路径依赖""结构失衡""衔接断裂"等问题。基于此,应创新政策注意力分配思路,树立"时代观"与"未来观";优化政策注意力分配结构,凝聚坚实的政策合力;跨期动态调配政策注意力,实现向优质均衡的渐进过渡。

As a scarce resource,policy attention embodies the value judgment and value choice of decision makers of the government.This paper analyzes the distribution pattern of policy attention in the balanced development of compulsory education.From the spatial dimension,the policy attention is focused on urban-rural equilibrium.From the process dimension,the current policy attention allocation has the characteristics of“more emphasis on process,less on results”.From the factor dimension,policy conditions,financial support,school improvement and teacher construction are the focus of policy attention,and the importance of supervision mechanisms is on the rise.In the meantime,course teaching and technical support have long been shortcomings of attention allocation.All in all,the policy attention allocation of high-quality and balanced development of compulsory education has problems such as“path dependence”,“structural imbalance”and“cohesive break”.It is recommended to innovate policy attention allocation ideas and establish the value of“time”and“future”,to optimize the policy attention allocation structure and consolidate solid policy synergy,and to cross-period dynamic allocation of policy attention to achieve a gradual transition to high-quality balance.