高校学生学业增值评价:基本属性、现实困境与实践理路

Academic Value-Added Evaluation of College Students:Basic Attributes,Realistic Dilemmas and Practical Approaches

高校学生学业增值评价将学生学业水平提升视为一个由多因素促成的增值过程,注重学生的多元发展与进步,可有效纠正和破解"唯分数"的不当评价取向和政策困境。它将纵向比较与横向比较相结合,实现多元主体的协同评价和参与治理,有利于评价合力的形成;将定性评价与定量评价相结合,更加注重循证管理逻辑与数据支撑,有利于提升学业评价的客观性和科学性。当前,高校学生学业增值评价尚处于探索阶段,存在评价指标选取与设计难以引导学生多元发展、评价主体多元性有所缺失、评价结果预测功能难以实现等现实困境。作为实施学业增值评价的主体,高校更应强化生本理念,坚持评价的发展性;注重多元主体协同评价,构建联动机制;注重评价指标的科学性,合理甄选分析模型;科学运用评价结果,构建反馈机制,从而发挥增值评价的预测功能,规范引导学生发展。

Academic value-added evaluation of college students sees the improvement of students’academic level as a value-added process caused by multiple factors.It is focusing on diversified development and progress of college students,which can effectively break and correct the improper orientationand policy dilemma of“scores-only”evaluation.It combines vertical comparison with horizontal comparison to realize collaborative evaluation and participatory governance of multiple subjects,which is conducive to the formation of evaluation resultant force.Combining qualitative evaluation with quantitative evaluation and paying more attention to evidence-based management logic and data support,academic value-added evaluation can improve the objectivity and scientificity of academic evaluation.At present,academic value-added evaluation of college students is still in the exploratory stage,which has so many realistic dilemmas as the difficulty in selecting and designing evaluation index to guide the diversified development of students,the lack of diversity of evaluation subjects,and the difficulty in realizing the predictive function of evaluation results,etc.As the main body of the implementation of academic value-added evaluation,colleges and universities should strengthen student-based concept and insist on developmental evaluation,pay attention to collaborative evaluation of multiple subjects by constructing the linkage mechanism,focus on the scientificity of evaluation index and rationally select the analysis models,and scientifically use the evaluation results and build feedback mechanisms so as to achieve the predictive function of academic value-added evaluation and normatively guide students’development.