新时代教师角色的应然、实然与使然——基于苏霍姆林斯基人学教育思想的审视

Ideal,Reality and Inevitability of Teachers’Role in the New Era

教育家苏霍姆林斯基认为教育学就是人学,教育的使命就是培养真正的人、"大写的人"。基于这一人学教育观,他提出教师应当是集道德引路人、心灵雕塑家、知识传授者、思维唤醒者、教育研究者和自我教育者等多重角色于一身的教育者。然而,反观21世纪以来教师角色的实然状态发现,由于"人"的缺位、育人价值取向的偏差、教研工作的分离、教师所处的外部环境以及自身原因等,教师角色发生了异化和偏离。尽管已半个世纪,但苏霍姆林斯基的人学教育思想仍能为修正教师角色定位偏差、实现角色困境突破提供可能的路径。

In the view of educator Vasyl Sukhomlinsky,pedagogy is equivalent to the study of human beings,and the mission of education is to cultivate real people and"capital people".Based on this humanistic education view,he proposed that teachers should be educators with multiple roles,such as moral guider,mind sculptor,knowledge imparter,thought awakener,education researcher and selfeducator.However,looking back on the actual status of the role of teachers since the 21 st century,we found that the role of teachers has been alienated and deviated.The reasons for these problems include the absence of’humanity’,the deviation of educational value orientation,the separation of teaching and research,and the internal and external environment of teachers.For half a century,Sukhomlinsky’s humanitarian education view transcends the era in which he lived,and still remains a very appropriate and important inspiration to solve these problems.Therefore,we should learn from his educational wisdom,correct the deviation of teacher’s role positioning and explore the possible path to break the role dilemma.