高校工科毕业生创业驱动影响因素研究:基于定性比较分析的方法

A Study on the Factors Influencing the Entrepreneurial Choices of Engineering Graduates in University Based on Qualitative Comparative Analysis Method

在新经济时代,"新工科"强化创新、创业的教育改革需要深入探索影响工科高校毕业生创业选择的因素。鉴于传统统计学方法难以解释现有研究成果中高校毕业生选择创业存在多重复杂并发因果的现象,因而有必要采用定性比较分析方法,根据布尔逻辑进行重新审视。对样本工科高校毕业生就业选择进行的定性比较分析发现,不同生源地、性别的工科毕业生选择自主创业的前因条件和组态存在明显的差异,但总体而言学习成绩、创业实践经验两个前因条件驱动选择创业的作用相对更加突出,而高校创业教育未能取得理想成效。据此,建议新工科建设应进一步夯实专业基础和提升学生的专业创新素质,加强创业实践以丰富学生的创新创业体验,提升专业指向的创业教育驱动力,加强针对性实施个性化精准指导的"新工科"创业教育改革。

In the new economy,it is necessary to explore the factors influencing the entrepreneurial choices of engineering graduates in depth to strengthen the"new engineering"education of innovation and entrepreneurship.Since traditional statistical methods are difficult to explain the multiple and complex concurrent causal phenomena of college graduates’choice of entrepreneurship,it is necessary to adopt a qualitative comparative analysis method and conduct a new study based on Boolean logic.A qualitative comparative analysis of the employment choices of a sample of engineering college graduates found that academic performance and entrepreneurial experience are more important for graduates to choose entrepreneurship as antecedents,although engineering graduates choose to start their own business usually because of different reasons and combination of reasons form depending on their place of origin and gender.At same time,we also found that the current entrepreneurship education fail to achieve expected results in universities.Therefore,we put forward that new engineering should further consolidate the professional foundation and improve students’professional innovation quality,strengthen entrepreneurship practice to enrich students’innovation and entrepreneurship experience,improve the driving force of entrepreneurship education,strengthen the targeted majors and implement the personalized and precise guidance of the"new engineering"entrepreneurship education reform.