产教融合背景下高等学校本科专业结构优化调整——以辽宁省为例

The Optimization and Adjustment of Undergraduate Specialty Structure in Colleges and Universities Under the Background of Industry and Education Integration

高校本科专业结构优化调整是国家深化高等教育供给侧结构性改革、推动高等教育高质量发展的一项重要内容。在产教融合背景下,应建立以市场需求为导向的政府宏观调控、高校自主调整、社会力量参与的本科专业结构优化调整模式。辽宁省高校本科专业结构尚存在部分专业布点数超过区域经济社会发展需求、专业设置对辽宁战略性新兴产业支撑力度偏弱、专业建设质量还不能满足辽宁产业转型升级需求、高水平应用型本科专业比例有待提升、部分高校存在游离于主体学科群建设体系之外的专业等较为突出问题。为进一步优化高校本科专业结构,辽宁省应加强五方面工作:建立高校专业分类管理和分类指导机制;完善专业需求变动信息监测和供给机制;优化高校专业经费投入和资源配置机制;推动高校建立需求导向的专业动态调整机制;构建社会力量参与高校专业设置机制。

The optimization and adjustment of undergraduate specialty structure in colleges and universities is an important part of deepening the supply-side structural reform of higher education and promoting the high quality development of higher education.From the perspective of integration of industry and education,the optimization and adjustment of undergraduate specialty structure should be established,which is oriented by market demand including macro-control by government,self-regulation and social force participation.The undergraduate specialty structure in Liaoning colleges and universities has obvious problems,for example,the distribution of certain undergraduate specialties is excessive compared with regional economic and social development demand,the setting of specialties supports the development of strategic emerging industry weakly,high-level application-oriented colleges and universities undergraduate specialties proportion need to raise,and some specialties dissociate from main body of discipline construction system.In order to optimize the undergraduate specialties structure further,Liaoning province should strengthen the following five aspects:establish a classification management and guidance mechanism for undergraduate specialties;improve the monitoring and supply mechanism for change in demand of specialties;optimize the funding and resource allocation mechanism for undergraduate specialties;establish a demand-oriented dynamic adjustment mechanism to promote university development;and establish a mechanism for social forces to participate in the setting of undergraduate specialties.