高龄老年住院患者老年综合征特点分析

Characteristics of geriatric syndrome in hospitalized elderly patients

目的探讨高龄老年住院患者的老年综合征特点。方法选取新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院2017年6月至2018年5月收治的老年患者235例,其中80~95岁患者117例(高龄老年组),65~79岁患者118例(普通老年组),比较两组患者的老年综合征特点。组间计量资料的比较采用t检验,计数资料的比较采用χ~2检验,影响因素分析采用二元Logistic回归分析。结果两组患者的一般资料具有可比性(P>0.05);高龄老年组患者认知障碍、尿失禁、视觉障碍、听力损失、步态平衡障碍及肌少症的发生率明显高于普通老年组患者(χ~2=12.254、6.871、10.647、24.634、6.749、41.979,P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析分析发现,高龄老年组患者随着年龄的增加,其认知障碍、尿失禁、视觉障碍、听力损失、步态平衡障碍及肌少症的发生率也随之增高(P<0.05);女性尿失禁患病率更高(P<0.05);男性步态平衡障碍和肌少症患病率更高(P≤0.01);少数民族肌少症患病率更高(P<0.05);非糖尿病患者尿失禁患病率更高(P<0.05),糖尿病患者步态平衡障碍和肌少症患病率更高(P≤0.01);冠心病患者步态平衡障碍患病率更高(P<0.05);其他疾病仍可影响患者步态平衡障碍和肌少症的患病率(P<0.05或0.01)。结论不同年龄段老年患者的老年综合征不同,且高龄老年患者更易罹患老年综合征,应根据其患病特点评估制定适宜的治疗方案。

Objective To investigate the characteristics of geriatric syndrome of elderly patients in hospital.Methods From June 2017 to May 2018,235 elderly patients admitted to Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region people’s Hospital were selected.Among them,117 patients aged between 80 and 95 years old(group A)and 118 patients aged between 65 and 79 years old(group B).To compare the characteristics of geriatric syndrome between the two groups.Results There was no significant difference in general information between the two groups(P>0.05).The incidence of cognitive impairment,urinary incontinence,visual impairment,hearing loss and gait balance and myocytosis in group A was significantly higher than that in group B(χ~2=12.254,6.871,10.647,24.634,6.749,41.979,P<0.05).In group A,logistic regression analysis showed that with the increase of age,the incidence of cognitive impairment,urinary incontinence,visual impairment,hearing loss,gait balance disorder and myopenia increased(P<0.05);the prevalence of urinary incontinence in women was higher(P<0.05);the prevalence of gait balance disorder and sarcopenia was higher in men(P≤0.01);the prevalence of sarcopenia in ethnic minorities was higher(P<0.05);the prevalence of urinary incontinence was higher in non-diabetic patients(P<0.05),and the prevalence of gait balance disorder and myositis was higher in diabetic patients(P≤0.01);the prevalence of gait balance disorder was higher in CHD patients(P<0.05);other diseases may also affect the prevalence of gait balance disorders and sarcopenia(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusion The elderly patients in different age groups were different in the geriatric syndrome and the elderly patients should make an individualized health care plan according to the evaluation of the geriatric syndrome.