上帝与恶——从自由意志的角度看路德二元的上帝观

God and Evil:on Luther’s Dualistic Concept of God from the Perspective of Free Will

路德坚决否定人的自由意志,主张人的意志必然犯罪。伊拉斯谟指出,路德的观点会不可避免地导致一个结论:人类意志的犯罪源于上帝的意旨。路德接受了这个推论。本文认为,路德接受这个推论,绝非故意与伊拉斯谟立异而将自己置于困境,而是符合路德神学的整体构想。本文以《论意志的捆绑》为基本文本,从自由意志的视角,以哲学重构为基本方法,分析路德二元的上帝观,试图从路德神学的整体构想来理解,为什么路德能够接受恶来自上帝这一指责。本文将表明,将恶归结于上帝的意旨,为路德倡导“唯信称义”准备了前提。

Martin Luther firmly denied the human’s free will and insisted that human’s will necessarily sins.Erasmus pointed out that Luther’s view would inevitably lead to a conclusion that the sin of human’s will was the result of God’s will.Luther accepted this conclusion.This article maintains that Luther’s admission of this conclusion was not intentionally contrary to Erasmus and got himself into trouble,but was in good accordance with his whole structure of theology.Based on Text the Bondage of Free Will,this article tries to analyze Luther’s dualistic view of God from the perspective of free will by philosophic reconstruction.This article tries from Luther’s whole structure of theology to understand,why Luther can accept the abuse that evil comes from God himself.This article will show that this conclusion provided the precondition for Luther’s doctrine“justification by faith alone”.