20世纪下半叶以来西方汉学视野中的墨家伦理学书写

From Utilitarianism to Consequentialism:the Accpetion of Mohist Ethics in the West since the Second Half of the 20th Century

自19世纪墨家思想被译介到西方以降,墨家伦理学说便备受关注,尤其是20世纪以来,欧美汉学界发起了两场关于墨子是不是功利主义者的广泛讨论。欧美学界逐渐意识到墨家伦理思想的复杂性、深刻性和冲突性,不能简单以早前西方汉学界所谓的“功利主义”冠之。21世纪初,万百安和方克涛等西方汉学家对这一极具争议性议题进行了重新阐释,并提出新的观点——墨子是世界上最早的后果主义者。正是在长达半个多世纪众声喧哗的学术争鸣中,墨家伦理学引起了西方哲学界持续而广泛的关注,提升了墨家哲学乃至先秦哲学在世界哲学话语场的经典性。

From the second half of the 20th century to the present,Western Sinologists has initiated two extensive discussions on whether Mozi was a utilitarian or not in 1976 and 2006 respectively.The vast majority of scholars have realized the complexity,profoundness and conflict of Mohist ethics.Therefore,Mozi’s ethics cannot be simply summarized by the so-called“utilitarianism”.At the beginning of this century,Sinologists such as Wan Bai’an and Fang Ketao continued to explore Mohist ethics,under the premise that Mozi was not a utilitarian.They reinterpreted this highly controversial issue and proposed the new viewpoint that Mozi was the earliest consequentialist in the world.It is in the academic debates that have lasted for more than half a century that Mohist ethics has aroused continuous and widespread attention in Western philosophical circles,and enhanced the presence of pre-Qin philosophy in the field of Western philosophy.