尼采·谱系学·历史

Nietzsche,Genealogy,History

在福柯看来,所谓“传统史学”试图将历史作为一个形而上学实体来把握,将历史看作一段有固定目的的发展历程,认为历史有一个静态的、有待我们发掘的本源(Ursprung)。但福柯主张历史并非如此。借助尼采的谱系学,福柯试图说明真正的历史不存在前述意义上的本源。历史实际上是一个斗争发生的场所。它的发展并非线性,其中有断层,有缝隙,有异质性。真正的历史中实际发生的事件并不符合我们加在上面的,试图解释之的一套逻辑。福柯希望借助这一番方法论层面的深刻辨析,来驱逐知识生产过程中形成的系统性偏见,并还真理以本来面目。

According to Foucault,traditional historical study aspires to grasp history as a metaphysical entity,a process of development with a fixed ideal.It considers that history has a static origin(Ursprung)waiting to be unveiled.However,for Foucault,this is not the case.With Nietzschean genealogy,Foucault argued that the effective history had no such“origin”.History is a place of struggles.Its development is never linear,in which there are faults,fissures,and heterogeneity.Its events do not correspond to the interpretive framework that we imposed upon it.By this profound methodological clarification,Foucault dismissed the systematic prejudices resulting from the process of knowledge production and reestablished the truth as it should be.