康德论医学与人的健康——关乎哲学、自我保存与人道

Kant on Medicine and Human Health:On the Relation between Philosophy,Self-preservation and Humanity

康德终其一生都感兴趣于医学以及我们肉体与灵魂层面上的各种健康问题。尽管医学与哲学无论如何都不允许互相混淆,但它们之间总还是存在着通过肉体与灵魂(精神)相互作用而显明的紧密联系。不单在关于"实用人类学的讲座"中,而且在《实用人类学》和《学科之争》中,康德都按照一些核心概念(诸如哲学的治疗术、病感、思维上的节食、健康的理性)阐述了一种更加详尽和"广义"的健康概念。另外康德指出,对于学者的健康而言,一种旨在提升我们人文性的餐桌社交,它始于叙事而止于欢笑,具有特别重要的意义。

Kant had a lifelong interest in medicine and the various physical and mental dimensions of human health. Although medicine and philosophy are not to be confused,they nonetheless stand in a close relation that is explained by the interaction between body and soul( sprit). The paper discusses Kant’s,extended’ concept of health that he elaborates in his lectures on pragmatic anthropology,the Anthropology from a Pragmatic Point of View and the Conflict of the Faculties,on the basis of key concepts( philosophical medicine,pathological emotions,diet in thinking,healthy reason). For the health of the scholar,Kant attaches particular importance to the company at table that aims at promoting our humanity and that begins with tellings and ends with laughing.