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美德法理学:以美德为中心的裁判理论

Virtue Jurisprudence: A Virtue-Centred Theory of Judging
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摘要 "美德法理学"是运用美德伦理学的资源来回答法理学中心问题的规范性、解释性法理论。本文重点是发展以美德为中心的裁判理论。对这一理论的阐释始于对司法品格(judicial character)之缺陷的探究,比如腐败和不胜任。接着,本文将论述司法美德,包括司法智慧,它是实践智慧(phronesis)的一种形式,或明智的实践判断。以美德为中心的正义观,反对公平理论优先于正义理论的主张。作为一种品质特征的美德中心性(centrality of virtue),可以通过将正义的美德分析成构成性要素的方式揭示出来。这些要素包括司法公正(对受判决影响的那些人不偏不倚的同情)和司法整全性(尊重法律并关心其融贯性)。本文认为以美德为中心的理论能解释,具有美德的实践判决(virtuous practical judgment)在将规则适用于特定事实情况时所扮演的角色。此外,它主张以美德为中心的裁判理论能最好地解释合法的司法分歧这一现象。最后,以美德为中心的进路最能解释衡平实践,即根据法官对个别事实情形之具体特性的理解来超越法律规则的僵硬适用。 "Virtue jurisprudence"is a normative and explanatory theory of law that utilises the resources of virtue ethics to answer the central questions of legal theory.The main focus of this essay is the development of a virtue-centred theory of judging.The exposition of the theory begins with exploration of defects in judicial character,such as corruption and incompetence.Next,an account of judicial virtue is introduced.This includes judicial wisdom,a form of phronesis,or sound practical judgement.A virtue-centred account of justice is defended against the argument that theories of fairness are prior to theories of justice.The centrality of virtue as a character trait can be drawn out by analysing the virtue of justice into constituent elements.These include judicial impartiality(even-handed sympathy for those affected by adjudication)and judicial integrity(respect for the law and concern for its coherence).The essay argues that a virtue-centred theory accounts for the role that virtuous practical judgement plays in the application of rules to particular fact situations.Moreover,it contends that a virtue-centred theory of judging can best account for the phenomenon of lawful judicial disagreement.Finally,a virtue-centred approach best accounts for the practice of equity,departure from the rules based on the judge’s appreciation of the particular characteristics of individual fact situations.
作者 胡烯(译) 王凌皞(校) Lawrence B.Solum
出处 《伦理学术》 2019年第2期190-219,共30页 Academia Ethica
关键词 伦理学 正义 法理学 美德 Ethics Justice Jurisprudence Law Virtue
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