阿拉斯戴尔·麦金太尔论有美德的生活与政治

Alasdair McIntyre on Virtuous Life and Virtue Politics

这篇文章论述了麦金太尔对启蒙的道德哲学的批评,及其美德理论的具体展开。总体而言,麦金太尔重视美德对实践的依赖性以及实践对传统的依赖性,因此他希望复兴某种亚里士多德—阿奎那式的美德政治以帮助人们实现伦理上繁荣的生活。他的伦理理想的实现依赖于他对理想政治的设想。对其设想,本文提出了四点质疑,这些质疑涉及对政治的本性和目的的理解。笔者认为,任何有关美德政治学的设想都必须回应这些质疑。麦金太尔的美德路径一方面缺乏对正义议题的关注,另一方面又缺乏对现代资本主义制度的批判。文章指出,麦金太尔所设想的地方共同体及其审议民主的形式如何可能在非道德的(amoral)现代国家制度下获得繁荣是一个大问题。

This article discusses MacIntyre’s criticism of the moral philosophy of Enlightenment and the specific development of his virtue theory.In general,MacIntyre emphasizes the virtue’s dependence on practice and the practice’s dependence on tradition,so he hopes to revive some kind of Aristotelian—Aquinasian virtue politics to help people achieve an ethically prosperous life.The realization of his ethical ideals depends on his vision of ideal politics.I envisioned four questions about his vision that entailed an understanding of the nature and purpose of politics.I believe that any assumptions about virtue politics must respond to these questions.On the one hand,MacIntyre’s virtue path lacks enough attention to the issue of justice,and on the other hand it lacks criticism of the modern capitalist system.The article points out that how the local community envisioned by MacIntyre and its form of deliberative democracy may prosper under the amoral modern state system is a big problem.