自然、理性与德性——斯多亚学派的德性理论

Nature,Rational Agency and Virtue: on Stioic Virtue Theory

随着德性伦理学的复兴,斯多亚学派的德性理论正成为当代德性伦理学完成自足的理论建构亟待借鉴的思想资源。斯多亚学派的德性理论奠基于自然之上。自然包括了人性自然与宇宙自然,既是宇宙运行与人类生活的动力原则,也成为德性理论乃至整个伦理学的本体。作为人的内在品质,德性指向人的理性能力的完善。德性是唯一善,是幸福生活的充要条件。幸福生活应该与自然保持一致。自然的即理性的,合乎自然的生活就是合乎理性的生活,幸福生活是要与自然一致,去除一切情感形式,达到内心宁静的不动心状态。对斯多亚学派的德性论定位,不应过多地纠缠"斯多亚德性理论是否成为一种德性论",而是关注斯多亚学派的德性理论究竟能够对当代德性论的自我建构提供哪些有益的思想方案。

With the revival of virtue ethics,Stoic Ethics is becoming analternative resource for Contemporary Virtue Ethics to its self-standing theoretical construction.Stoicsvirtue theory is based on nature.Nature includes human nature and cosmic nature.It is not only the motive principle of cosmic operation and human life,but also the ontological basis of virtue theory and even the whole ethics.As the intrinsic quality of human beings,virtue points to the perfection of human rational ability.Virtue is the only good and the necessary and sufficient condition for a happiness.Happiness should be in harmony with nature.Natural is rational,natural life is rational life,happiness is consistent with nature,remove all emotions to achieve a tranquility state of The orientation of Stoics virtue theory should not be entangled too much about whether Stoic virtue theory can become Stoic virtue ethics,but about what beneficial ideas Stoic virtue theory can provide for the self-construction of contemporary theory of virtue.