伦理视野下的中世纪亚里士多德主义

A Research of Medieval Aristotelianism from the Perspective of Ethics

本文试图通过厘清"中世纪亚里士多德主义"这一术语的明确内涵,在亚里士多德主义者和反对者的竞争中考察中晚期中世纪伦理思想的发展。文章在交代中世纪亚里士多德学说复兴的背景之后对中世纪亚里士多德主义发展的不同阶段进行分别讨论,首先说明13世纪经院学者如何继承并发展亚里士多德的实践学说以及保守主义神学家的应对措施,其次通过对"自然与神迹""理性与意志""政体与教会"的详细讨论指出14世纪理性主义者和意志主义者对亚里士多德实践原则的贯彻和反驳。

This paper attempts to clarify the clear connotation of the term"Medieval Aristotelianism",and to examine the development of medieval ethics in the high and late Middle Ages in the competition between Aristotelian and opponents.After explaining the background of the revival of Aristotle’s doctrine in the Middle Ages,this paper discusses the different stages of the development of Medieval Aristotelianism.Firstly,it explains how the scholars in the thirteenth century inherited and developed Aristotle’s theory of practice and the response of conservative theologians.Secondly,through the detailed discussion of"nature and miracle","intellectus and voluntas","regime and church",it points out how rationalists and volitionalists in the fourteenth century carried out and refuted Aristotle’s practical principles.