中国老年人口健康状况变动——基于第六次、第七次全国人口普查数据的分析

An Analysis on the Health Status of the Elderly Population in China:Based on Data from the 6th and 7th Population Census

利用2010年、2020年全国人口普查数据,对我国老年人口健康状况及其变动特征和规律进行研究。研究发现,我国老年人口健康状况总体较好,且过去十年明显改善,尤其是女性、中低龄、有配偶、农村老年人健康状况改善更加明显。当前,我国老年人存在80岁左右从健康向不健康转变、90岁左右从生活能自理向生活不能自理转变的年龄特征;未婚、农村老年人,以及吉林、广西等少部分省级行政区老年人仍面临较大的健康风险。未来需要继续完善健康养老服务体系,优化卫生健康和社会养老服务资源配置,重点关注未婚、高龄、独居等特殊老年人群,不断满足老年人群的健康养老美好生活需要。

Based on the census data of China in 2010 and 2020,this paper analyzed the health status of China’s elderly population and its changing characteristics and patterns.The results show that the health status of China’s elderly population is generally good,and has improved significantly in the past decade,especially elderly women,rural seniors,older people under 80 years and those who with spouses.At present,older adults in China have the age characteristics from healthy to unhealthy around the age of 80 and from being able to take care of themselves to being unable around 90.At the same time,unmarried and rural elderly,as well as older people from a few provinces such as Jilin and Guangxi still face greater health risks.In the future,we need to continue to improve the health and elderly care service system,optimize the allocation of health and social care services,pay attention to special groups such as the unmarried and those who are living alone or over 80,and constantly meet the demands of older people for a healthy life in the old age.