可行能力理论视角下化解居家失能老年人生存危机对策研究——以福建省为例

Study on Countermeasures for Resolving the Survival Crisis of In-home Older Persons with Physical Impairments:from the Perspective of Capabilities Approach——Take Fujian Province as an Example

随着我国人口老龄化、少子化的加剧,居家失能老年人成为社区养老重点服务对象。社区养老服务在功能性活动和可行能力集的综合影响下实现供给。对福建省281位失能老年人的生存状态和171个社区的居家照护服务状况的调查显示:失能老年人普遍经济能力不强,与子女分离,意外伤害高发,居住环境不佳;同时,针对居家失能老年人的救助政策目标指向性不足,医疗机构、养老机构的常规经营方式在社区难以为继。提出在社区内构建针对失能老年人的微型养护机构,将失能老年人作为特殊服务对象纳入医联体等对策建议。

With the evolvement of population ageing and the declining fertility rate,in-home older persons with physical impairments have become the key service objects of community-based elderly care services.Community-based care services are delivered under the combined influence of functional activities and capabilities.This paper is based on a survey of 281 older adults with physical impairments and in-home care services in 171 communities in Fujian.Results show that those elders suffer from financial vulnerability,separation from their children,high incidence of accidental injuries,and poor living conditions.At the same time,there are insufficient targeted assistance policies for those seniors,and therefore conventional ways of operation for medical care and eldercare institutions are unsustainable.This paper then proposed that micro eldercare institutions targeting at older persons with physical impairments be established in communities,and those elders be covered as special service objects by medical alliances.