犬儒式诸众与当代资本主义生命政治学批判——维尔诺《诸众的语法》解读

The Cynicism of the Masses and the Critique of Life Politics of Contemporary Capitalism--An Interpretation of Paolo Virno's"Grammatica della Moltitudine"

维尔诺批判语境中的当代资本主义以非物质劳动为其主要表征,诸众的劳动潜能构成了资本权力运作生命政治的基础和动力,犬儒主义等“不良情操”则是资本权力宰制诸众生命的精神产物。对于诸众而言,只有克服公共智识的自反性后果,并借由“不合作”和“退出”的斗争策略,方能在资本场域之外建立起自主自治的“诸众共和国”,从而完成对资本权力的超越。维尔诺关于当代资本主义生命政治的构境逻辑内蕴着开掘革命主体的积极意义,却失察于资本权力与日常生活之间的内在关联,其资本批判也因此而萎落为一种主体主义的伦理申说。

In the context of Virno's criticism,the contemporary capitalism takes immaterial labor as its main representation,the labor potential of the masses constitutes the basis and motive force for the capital power to operating the life politics,and the"bad sentiment"such as cynicism is the spiritual product of dominating the masses by capital power.For the masses,only by overcoming the reflexive consequences of public intelligence using the struggle strategy of"non-cooperation"and"withdrawal",an autonomous"republic"can be established outside the capital field,thus completing the transcendence to capital power.Virno's constructional logic about contemporary capitalist life politics contains the positive significance of exploring the revolutionary subject,but fails to observe the inner relation between capital power and daily life,his criticism of capital therefore collapses into an ethical statement of subjectivism.