从中共六大到六月来信——土地革命时期中共富农政策演变探析

Letters from the Sixth National Congress of the Communist Party of China to June:An Analysis of the Evolution of the CPC’s Kulak Policy

新民主主义革命时期的富农问题无疑是极其复杂的,这不仅表现在富农这一阶层所具有的多方面性质,更体现于土地革命中对待富农的政策反复波动。对富农阶层的不同认识和定位,使中国共产党对富农的政策几经变动。中共六大对富农的阶层属性率先进行了深入分析,并取得了积极的理论成果,尽管仍存在些许不足,但却是良好开端。随后共产国际的“六月来信”使得富农政策迅速趋于“左”倾,此后很长一段时间内,这种观点一直影响着土地政策的制定。从中我们可以认识到,只有采取正确的阶级分析方法和阶级斗争原则,始终坚持实事求是的思想路线,植根于最广大人民群众,才能获得革命的最终胜利。

The question of the kulaks in the period of the new-democratic revolution is undoubtedly extremely complex,which is not only manifested in the multifaceted nature of the kulaks as a stratum,but also in the repeated fluctuations in the policy towards the kulaks in the agrarian revolution.The different understandings and positionings of the kulak strata have led to several changes in the CPC’s policy toward the kulaks.The Sixth National Congress of the Communist Party of China took the lead in conducting an in-depth analysis of the class attributes of the kulaks and achieved positive theoretical results,although there are still some deficiencies,but it is a good start.The"June Letter"of the Comintern then led to a rapid"left"shift in kulak policy,and for a long time thereafter this view influenced the formulation of land policy.From this we can understand that only by adopting the correct method of class analysis and the principle of class struggle,always adhering to the line of thought and line of seeking truth from facts,and taking root in the broadest masses of the people can the revolution win the final victory.