公共卫生危机的科学、产业与制度三重维度——基于美英两国抗击新冠肺炎的事实分析

Science,Industry and Institution as Three Dimensions of Public Health Crisis——An Analysis of Fighting COVID-19 in the United States and United Kingdom

公共卫生系统具有多重维度,它既是一套以探索人类健康和技术进步为目标的科学体系,也是一套以医疗服务为载体追求利润最大化的产业链条和商业体系,还是一套以确保公共卫生秩序和社会公平为目标的制度系统。科学、产业和制度三重维度之间相互交叠,任何单一层面的问题都可能会影响公共卫生体系的整体运转效果。新冠肺炎疫情的全球大流行,暴露了当前公共卫生系统在科学认知、产业分布和制度设置层面的三重危机,这三者都深嵌于社会结构之中。新冠肺炎分布的年龄结构、阶层结构和种族结构等事实揭示出,全球疫情危机不单是公共卫生系统本身的危机,还是一种结构性的社会危机。疫情传播的全球性以及感染风险的普遍性警示我们:在加强全球合作的基础上,保护弱势群体便是保卫社会,这应成为公共卫生科学共识之外的社会共识。

The public health system has three dimensions and requires a pluralistic construction path.It is not only a scientific cognitive system aimed at exploring human health knowledge and promoting technological progress,but also an industrial chain and business system that are based on the supply of medical products and services seeking to maximize profit.It is also a state institution that is designed to ensure public health order and social equity.The global pandemic of COVID-19 has exposed a triple crisis of the current public health system at the level of scientific cognition,industrial distribution,and institutional settings,all of which are deeply embedded in the social structure.Concerning the age,class and ethnic demographic structure of the COVID-19 epidemic infection rate,the global epidemic crisis is not only one of the public health systems itself,but also one of social structure.The global spread of the epidemic and the universality of infections have alerted us about the following:there is a need to strengthen basic global cooperation;protecting the vulnerable in order to protect society is essential;and beyond the public health scientific consensus,a social consensus is necessary.