重大公共危机应对与社会韧性建构——以“抗逆性”与“公共性”为中心

Coping Strategies of a Public Crisis and the Construction of Social Resilience——Focusing on “Resilience” and “Publicity”

21世纪以降,非典、汶川地震等重大公共危机日益增多,中国进入了风险社会。特别是2020年1月暴发的新冠肺炎疫情,又让中国社会经历一次重大考验,同时也是整体反思中国社会对待重大公共危机时体现出的社会韧性的重要契机。西方流行的"社会韧性"理论强调从内固性、储备性、资源动员性、快速性等方面来分析社会应对风险的"抗逆性"。但是随着疫情的深入扩散,人们真正关注的是资源分配的公平性问题。因此,中国社会韧性的建构还应加入"公共性"的内在属性。抗逆性体现的是社会面对风险初期的适应机制,而到了风险应对的后期,则要转换为一种内在的公共性结构,才能真正化解风险。具体是从公益性、公正性、公民参与性、公开性等方面来检视和建构社会韧性,形成预防风险的长效机制和治理内核,对于促进中国式风险社会背景下的国家治理和社会治理创新,具有重大的理论和实践意义。

Since the dawn of the 21 st century,China has experienced a series of public crises such as SARS and the Wenchuan Earthquake.Recently,China has been severely challenged by COVID-19.However,this event has been a significant opportunity to review the ability of China to foster social resilience.Western theories popularize and emphasize that the social resilience to public crises should be examined from aspects of robustness,redundancy,resourcefulness as well as rapidity.However,with the extensive spread of the epidemic,the fairness of resource allocation has become a significant issue of concern.Therefore,the internality of publicity should be added to the construction of social resilience in China.What resilience reflects are the social adjustment mechanisms in the early stage of a public crisis.It will transform into an internal public structure to dissolve the risks in the later stage of a crisis.Specifically,social resilience should be examined and constructed from the aspects of public interest,fairness,civic participation and publicity to establish the long term mechanism of risk prevention and the inner core of governance.Thus,this is significant for the innovation of national governance and social management.