论宋明以来集录碑传的史学传统

On the Historical Tradition of Anthologies,Records and Epitaphs since the Song and Ming Dynasties

宋明以来,集录碑传而成为专书,不仅是学者们的自觉行为,也是一种优良的学术传统。这种学术工作,始于宋代杜大珪《名臣碑传琬琰集》。明代以降,又有焦竑《献征录》等。清至近代,集录碑传呈现出一种新态势。清人碑传之集,有钱仪吉《碑传集》、缪荃孙《续碑传集》、闵尔昌《碑传集补》、汪兆镛《碑传集三编》以及钱仲联《广清碑传集》等五部专书。而民国碑传集,国史馆有纂辑《民国碑传集》之举,卞孝萱、唐文权新编《辛亥人物碑传集》与《民国人物碑传集》。私家另有朱希祖《南明人碑传集》,而方树梅《滇南碑传集》与《续集》乃区域性碑传集。这类史料文献集是中国史学撰述的重要组成部分,深度阐发其编纂旨趣、体例调整与创新及史学价值,继承发扬集录碑传的史学传统,对于当前的史学研究具有一定启发意义。

The compilation of anthologies,records and epitaphs as monographs had not only become a self-conscientious action of scholars but also a decent academic tradition.This type of academic work began with Mingchen Beizhuan Wantanji by Song Dagui in the Song Dynasty.Since the Ming Dynasty,there was also such kind of collections as Xianzhenglu by Jiao Hong.In the Qing Dynasty,five monographs,Beizhuanji by Qian Yiji,Beizhuanji II by Miao Quanxun,Beizhuanji Supplementary by Min Erchang,Beizhuanji III by Wang Zhaoyong and Guangqing Beizhuanji by Qian Zhonglian,were published.With respect to the collections of epitaphs in the era of the National Republic of China(NRC),there was The Epitaphs of NRC by the Academia Historica,and The Epitaphs of the 1911 Figures as well as The Epitaphs of the NRC Figures by Bian xiaoxuan and Tang Wenquan.In addition,there was also The Epitaphs of the Figures in the Southern Ming Dynasty by Zhu Xizu,as well as The Epitaphs at Diannan and Fang Shumei’s The Epitaphs at Diannan II,which were local ones.This type of historical documentation and collections were significant for Chinese historical compilation.