企业家精神与事业传承:现状、影响因素及建议——2020·中国企业家成长与发展专题调查报告

The Statusquo,Influencing Factors and Suggestions of Entrepreneurship and Business Succession:2020 Report on the Growth and Development of Chinese Entrepreneurs

当前,我国经济迈入创新转型的关键时期,企业传承与创新已然成为未来经济持续、健康、稳定发展的核心保障。基于中国企业家调查系统2019年的调查结果,本文从企业传承的现状、影响企业传承的因素和企业传承的解决之道三大方面,总结了中国企业传承的特点,分析了企业传承存在的问题及传承与企业创新的关系,并提出了相应的政策建议。

By now,China economy has entered a critical period of innovation and transformation.Consequently,corporate inheritance and innovation become the core to guarantee for the sustained,healthy and stable development of the future economy.Based on the 1,125 enterprise surveys conducted by the Chinese Entrepreneur Survey System in 2019,this study summarizes the characteristics of Chinese corporate inheritance and analyzes the existence of corporate inheritance from three aspects:the status quo of corporate inheritance,factors affecting corporate inheritance,and solutions to corporate inheritance.Then,we analyze the problem and the relationship between inheritance and corporate innovation.The study found that most entrepreneurs value corporate inheritance,and more than 70%of corporate inheritance is ongoing or has been completed.What entrepreneurs most want to inherit is the entrepreneurial spirit and corporate culture of integrity,dedication,and innovation.The survey also shows that private enterprises,growth stage,mid-western enterprises and other enterprises are facing greater challenges in their inheritance.The survey further finds that corporate inheritance is affected by many factors.Entrepreneurs believe that regarding the external environment,the market environment for corporate inheritance needs to be improved.The policy environment is more conducive to the inheritance of growth-stage enterprises,while the cultural environment is more unfavorable for the inheritance of mature enterprises.After 40 years of reform and opening up,most Chinese enterprises have entered a mature period.This result indicates that the cultural environment needs to be improved to promote further economic transformation and upgrading.From the internal environment of enterprises,cultural values,governance structure and inheritance mechanisms are the main factors affecting corporate inheritance.Specifically,female entrepreneurs,young entrepreneurs,and highly educated entrepreneurs more agree with the introduction of external market competition mechanisms to promote corporate inheritance.The survey also found that the inheritance of private enterprises is generally overly dependent on top leaders and lack of suitable successors;the inheritance schedule of family businesses depends more on the wishes of the parents and the internal inheritance mechanism.Whether an enterprise has experienced a major crisis during its development has a greater impact on the enterprise’s awareness of inheritance,experience and practical arrangements.Investigation and analysis found that companies that have experienced early major crises have significantly positively affected the progress of corporate inheritance.The investigation and analysis also found that the better the company’s profitability,long-term strategic orientation,and the innovation management of the senior management team,the better the progress of the company’s inheritance;in addition,the higher the confidence and optimism of the business leaders,the more the company’s inheritance will be promoted.Based on the above findings,this study has the following policy recommendations:at the government level,it may need to further improve the business environment of enterprises,strive to improve government efficiency,reduce unnecessary intervention,and strengthen property rights protection;at the industry level,we must implement the innovation-driven development strategy and actively promote economic transformation and accelerate corporate inheritance;at the corporate level,firms have to maintain the continuity of corporate innovation,strive to adopt independent innovation strategies,and adhere to inheritance in innovation;at the individual entrepreneur level,leaders must select successor inheritance methods,and actively strengthen communication with the senior management team,especially through increased informal activities to strengthen communication,cultivate the strength of the company’s inheritance team.Taken together,we can enhance corporate inheritance and make greater contributions to the sustainable and healthy development of the company and the transformation and upgrading of China’s economy.