中美高等教育学硕士研究生培养目标比较研究

A Comparative Study on Training Objectives of Chinese and American Postgraduates of Higher Education

培养目标作为专业人才培养的指挥棒,始终受到诸多学者的关注。中美高等教育学硕士研究生培养目标的历史演变过程均经历了从萌芽期到不断发展与改革的时期。从现状来看,我国东中西部地区高校的培养目标整体差别不大,但处于经济特区的高校呈现出地域特点,不同类型的高校呈现出一定的差异性,整体上着力培养教学者、研究者和管理者;美国高校的培养目标则体现出重视实践、实用主义色彩浓厚的特点。中美高校在高等教育学硕士研究生培养目标上具有一致性,都重视管理能力、研究能力,都着力培养复合型人才,而在培养方向、培养目标基本内容、培养特性上存在差异性。我国高等教育学硕士研究生培养目标应立足时代背景,注重目标的应用性;依托培养方向,坚持目标的明确性;遵循人之本位,拓展目标的多元性。

As the baton of professional personnel training,the training goal has always been concerned and studied by many scholars.The historical evolution of the cultivation goals of Chinese and American postgraduates in higher education has gone through a period of development and reform from the embryonic stage to the present.As far as the present situation is concerned,there is little overall difference in the training objectives of Midwestern Sectional Figure Skating Championships universities in our country.However,universities in special economic zones exhibit certain regional characteristics and different types of universities exhibit certain differences,on the whole,we focus on training teachers,researchers and managers.The training goal of the United States embodies the characteristics of practice and pragmatism.Both Chinese and American universities have certain consistency in the training goal of master degree in higher education,both attach importance to management ability and research ability,and both focus on cultivating compound talents.Meanwhile,there are differences in the cultivation direction,the basic content of the cultivation goal and the cultivation characteristics.In our country,the objectives should be based on the background of the times,pay attention to the application of the goal,stick to the definiteness of the goal,follow the fundamental principle of people and expand the diversity of the goal.