日本顶尖国际化大学项目治理实践探略

Research on Project Governance Practice of Top Global Universities in Japan

日本文部科学省实施的顶尖国际化大学项目是在政府放权与国立大学法人化改革背景下的典型高等教育项目,该项目聚焦“全面国际化”的愿景,采取了双轨并行的资助策略、三位一体的遴选体系及量化为主的评价方式。日本文部科学省通过项目治理的手段提升治理效能,引入成熟的第三方机构优化管理体系,并通过倾斜性的资助策略以维系“关键少数”高校。但是,该项目对于高等教育国际化的核心意涵尚未明晰;政府在运用项目治理方式时应遵循高等教育发展内在的规律与逻辑,治理过程中所体现的自主性应转化为大学发展的实质自主性;同时,应关注项目治理引致的“趋同化”与“两极化”问题。

The Top Global University Project(2014—2023),implemented by Japan's Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports,Science,and Technology,is a quintessential higher education initiative against the backdrop of governmental decentralization and the corporatization reform of national universities.The project focusing on a vision of“comprehensive internationalization,”adopts a dual-track funding strategy,a tripartite selection system,and a primarily quantitative evaluation method.The Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports,Science and Technology enhances governance efficiency through project management,introducing established third-party organizations to optimize the management system,and maintain“key minority”universities with preferential funding strategies.However,the core significance of internationalization in higher education through this project remains undefined.In applying project governance,the government should adhere to the intrinsic principles and logic of higher education development,ensuring that the“autonomy”demonstrated in governance translates into substantial autonomy for university development.Additionally,attention should be given to the issues of“convergence”and“polarization”resulting from project governance.