芬兰可持续发展教育:历史演进、实践特点与启示

Education for Sustainable Development in Finland——Historical Evolution,Practical Characteristics and Enlightenment

20世纪50年代至今,依据不同时期的时代背景和发展理念,芬兰可持续发展教育历程大致可以分为三个阶段:环境教育阶段、可持续发展教育起步阶段和可持续发展教育深入发展阶段。在此实践过程中,芬兰充分利用自然资源实现在环境中的可持续发展教育,将可持续发展教育贯穿教师专业发展过程,积极开发联通线下的可持续发展教育工具和平台,形成了全员、全方位、全过程的可持续发展教育。借鉴芬兰经验,我国应加快完善顶层设计以促进生态文明教育体系的构建,依托生态文明教育基地开展多主题、多类型的户外教育,将生态文明教育纳入教师职前培养和在职培训,大力推动信息技术背景下生态文明教育的全球化发展。

From the 1950s to the present,according to the background and development concepts of different periods,the process of education for sustainable development in Finland can be roughly divided into three stages:the environmental education stage,the initial stage of education for sustainable development and the in-depth development stage of education for sustainable development.In the process of practice,Finland makes full use of natural resources to realize education for sustainable development in the environment,integrates education for sustainable development into teachers'professional development process,and actively develops online education for sustainable development tools and platforms,forming an all-round and whole-process education for sustainable development for all staff.Learning from Finland's experience,our country should accelerate the improvement of top-level design to promote the construction of an ecological civilization education system,rely on ecological civilization education bases to carry out multi-theme and multi-type outdoor education,incorporate ecological civilization education into teachers're-service training and on-the-job training,and vigorously promote the globalization of ecological civilization education under the background of information technology.