课程、学制与教学模式改革——认识论视角下的知识创新能力培养学术史

Reform of Curriculum,Academic System and Teaching Model:An Epistemological Perspective on Academic History of Knowledge Innovation Capacity Development

创新人才培养的关键在于知识创新能力的提高,学界也对知识创新能力培养进行了深入研究。从认识论的角度来看,学界的研究分为课程、学制和教学模式三个领域。其中:课程改革研究是基于“知识存在于客观世界”的认识论,强调记住更多的经典知识,且适合多数人;学制和教学模式改革是基于“知识存在于人的认知结构中”的认识论,但前者适合于少数天才,而后者适合符合特定条件的学生。从认识论的角度来看,三种培养路径各有不同的适合对象。三种培养路径既为创新人才培养指出可行的方向,也揭示出创新人才培养是一个复杂而漫长的过程,其中的各种影响因素还需要学界进行更为深入的研究。

The key to the cultivation of innovative talents lies in the improvement of knowledge and innovation capabilities,and the academic community has also conducted in-depth research on the cultivation of knowledge and innovation capabilities.From an epistemological perspective,research is divided into three areas:curriculum,academic systems and teaching models.Among them,research on curriculum reform is based on the epistemology tha“t knowledge exists in the objective world”,which emphasizes the memorization of more classical knowledge and is suitable for the majority of people;reform of the academic system and teaching mode is based on the epistemology that“knowledge exists in the cognitive structure of human beings”,but the former is suitable for the minority of geniuses,while the latter is suitable for the students who meet certain conditions.From an epistemological point of view,each of the three approaches is suitable for a different group of students.The three approaches point to possible directions for the cultivation of creative talent,but also reveal that the cultivation of creative talent is a complex and lengthy process in which various influencing factors need to be studied in greater depth by academics.