青海省民和县喇家遗址出土家养黄牛的DNA初步研究

Preliminary Study on Ancient DNA Analysis of Domesticated Cattle Unearthed from Lajia Site at Minhe County,Qinghai Province

运用古DNA技术对青海省民和县喇家遗址出土11例黄牛遗存进行DNA提取和线粒体DNA控制区分析,其中属于齐家文化时期的有10例,汉代1例。全部样本都获得了所需的DNA序列,都属于家养普通牛(Bos taurus)。在这11个样本中共检测出5个单倍型,可以归属于3个不同的单倍型类群T2、T3和T4。年代为齐家文化时期的家养普通牛样本(10例)归属于2个不同的单倍型类群T3和T4,以T3为主(80.0%),T4较少(20.0%)。年代为汉代的样本(1例)属于单倍型类群T2。喇家遗址齐家文化时期家养普通牛的母系遗传结构与同时期甘青地区其他考古遗址出土家养普通牛非常相似,可能具有很近的母系来源。

This research aims to use an ancient DNA approach to genetically characterize ancient cattle remains of the Qijia Culture and Han Dynasty from the Lajia site at Minhe,Qinghai,China(35°42′N~37°09′N,101°05′E~103°01′E).DNA has been successfully recovered from 11 ancient cattle skeletal remains in dedicated ancient DNA labs following vigorous protocols for contamination prevention(100%).Through overlapping sequencings,a mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA)D-loop fragment(285bp)was obtained for all Bos taurus.Ten of them from the Qijia Culture belong to two haplogroups,T3(80.0%)and T4(20.0%).Only one sample from Han Dynasty belongs to haplogroup T2.This population genetic structure of Bos taurus from Qijia Culture at the Lajia site confirms the pattern previously observed in archaeological assemblages of the Ganqing region,Northwest China,from the Late Neolithic to the Early Bronze Age.