不同环境因素对两种结实率菊芋繁殖策略的影响

Effects of different environmental factors on the reproduction strategy of Helianthus tuberosus with two seed setting rates

选取高、低结实率的两种菊芋品系为研究对象,设置遮阴、施肥、浇水、对照4个处理,于成熟期分别测量块茎的干重、块茎的芽数、种子干重和种子数量等指标,探讨光照、养分及水分等因素对两种菊芋品系繁殖策略的影响.结果表明:遮阴处理与对照相比,高、低品系的种子干重和种子数量分别减少53.06%、52.62%和50.00%、58.10%,因此遮阴抑制菊芋的有性繁殖;浇水处理与对照相比,高、低品系的种子干重和种子数量分别增加94.90%、108.23%和267.50%、100.27%,浇水促进其有性繁殖;施肥处理与对照相比,高、低品系的块茎干重和块茎芽数分别增加90.67%、36.94%和47.32%、11.32%,施肥促进了菊芋的无性繁殖,但对有性繁殖作用不显著.相比较高品系,低品系菊芋对环境的变化更敏感,两种菊芋结实率的差异主要是由环境造成的,如果环境条件趋于一致,它们的结实率趋于相同.

Two kinds of Helianthus tuberosus with a high and low seed setting rate were selected as the research object.Four treatments were set:the shading,watering,fertilization,and control.In the mature period,dry weight,number of buds,dry weight of seeds,seed number and other indexes were measured to discuss the effects of light,nutrient and water on their reproductive strategies.The results showed that:shading compared with the control:the dry weight and seed number of the high and low strains were significantly reduced by 53.06%,52.62%and 50.00%,58.10%,respectively and shading inhibited the sexual reproduction of H.tuberosus;watering compared with the control:the dry weight and seed number of the high and low strains increased significantly by 94.90%,108.23%and 267.50%,100.27%,respectively and watering promoted its sexual reproduction;fertilization compared with the control:the tuber dry weight and tuber bud number of the high and low strains increased significantly by90.67%,36.94%and 47.32%,11.32%,respectively and fertilization facilitated the asexual reproduction,but the sexual reproduction was not significant.Compared with the high strains,the low-line H.tuberosus was more sensitive to environmental changes.The difference of the seed setting rate in two H.tuberosus was mainly caused by the environment.If the environmental conditions are to be consistent,their seed setting rates tend to be the same.